<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="client.xsl" type="text/xsl"?>
<article article-type="other">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id/>
<issn/>
<banner>
<!--<href>banner.jpg</href>-->
<size width="100%"/>
</banner>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<title-group>
<article-title>Conditional Random Fields for Activity Recognition</article-title>
</title-group>

<author><a href="mailto:dvail2@cs.cmu.edu"><name>Douglas L. Vail</name></a></author>
<aff>Computer Science Dept. <br/>Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</aff>

<author><a href="mailto:veloso@cs.cmu.edu"><name>Manuela M. Veloso</name></a></author>
<aff>Computer Science Dept. <br/>Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</aff>

<author><a href="mailto:lafferty@cs.cmu.edu"><name>John D. Lafferty</name></a></author>
<aff>Computer Science Dept. <br/>Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</aff>
</article-meta></front>
<body>
<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Activity recognition is a key component for creating intelligent,
multi-agent systems. Intrinsically, activity recognition
is a temporal classification problem. In this paper,
we compare two models for temporal classification: hidden
Markov models (HMMs), which have long been applied to
the activity recognition problem, and conditional random
fields (CRFs). CRFs are discriminative models for labeling
sequences. They condition on the entire observation
sequence, which avoids the need for independence assumptions
between observations. Conditioning on the observations
vastly expands the set of features that can be incorporated
into the model without violating its assumptions. Using
data from a simulated robot tag domain, chosen because
it is multi-agent and produces complex interactions between
observations, we explore the differences in performance between
the discriminatively trained CRF and the generative
HMM. Additionally, we examine the effect of incorporating
features which violate independence assumptions between
observations; such features are typically necessary for high
classification accuracy. We find that the discriminatively
trained CRF performs as well as or better than an HMM
even when the model features do not violate the independence
assumptions of the HMM. In cases where features depend
on observations from many time steps, we confirm that
CRFs are robust against any degradation in performance.</p>
</abstract>
<fpdf>
<href>pdflogo.jpg</href>
<hpdf>AAMAS07_0175_51ae2f9116c78dc74a71479873c547f5</hpdf>
</fpdf>
</body>
</article>

